A Multilingual Moses Play

Moses. The ‘Exagoge’ of Ezekiel. ‘Moses and the Shepherd’ by Rumi

Friday, May 8, 2026 – 18:30
Ioannou Centre, 66 St Giles

David Wiles directs a production of the extant fragments of a tragedy written in Alexandria in the second century BC.  Drawn from the Book of Exodus, the story tells of the Hebrews’ escape from Egypt.  The play was written by a Jew, and is the first extant dramatization of a biblical text. 

Image of a man touching a burning bush, from a medieval manuscript

The performance will mostly be given in ancient Greek, with the opening scene played in English.  The project follows on from Hrosvita’s Martyrdom of the Three Virgins performed in Latin in 2025, and prior to that Seneca’s Octavia in a Renaissance translation.  

The cast are a mix of students and seniors. The production style will be choral, using movement to illustrate narrative passages such as the burning bush and the crossing of the Red Sea – so fluent knowledge of ancient Greek will not be required.  

The production is sponsored by Wolfson College’s ‘Ancient World Research Cluster’.

Medieval Germanists Gathering (GBOFFL 2026)

“meister, phiff uff, lasz vns springen.” – Maria Magdalena, Frankfurter Passionsspiel 8b (ll. 698–743)

Enough rays to make functional the St Edmund Hall sundial; yellow, orange, and burgundy tulips; the four-note blast of that iconic hunting horn: these signs heralded the beginning of the three-day GBOFFL Conference of medieval Germanists one late afternoon in April.

The GBOFFL participants — from universities whose cities make up the abbreviated title, i.e. Geneva, Bern, Oxford, Freiburg (im Breisgau), Freiburg (im Üechtland), and Lausanne — kicked off the conference with a gathering in the cosy, climate-controlled Old Library of Teddy Hall, where they noshed anise cake and perused materials from the Hall’s collection, including a pamphlet on St Edmund and a Monty Python-themed cardboard catapult.

GBOFFL participants engage with the Teddy Hall collections (Photograph: Giovanna Truong)

After the reception, and with the rare books safely stowed, the participants poured tea and coffee and partook in analyzing and performing the Passionsspiel, in particular scenes from the Frankfurt and Alsfeld versions which are being prepared for an edition focussing on the life of Mary Magdalen — more on this during a workshop on medieval German drama on 2 May!

With their dramatic prowess soundly proven, the Germanists poured into the Wadham Room of The King’s Arms for a celebratory pint, each looking forward to the schedule of lectures and workshops in the days to come.

Gebofel in the Schweizerisches Idiotikon

The ninth of April saw a slate of four lectures by graduate scholars Monty Powell, Luke Cooper, Jasmin Eggel, and Felix Stürz. Each prepared a 30–40-minute presentation and fielded questions for the remainder of the given hour. Lively discussions ensued, on the voice of God, on magical poets, on video games, and on many further interesting topics, that are too many to elaborate here (,der zu vil zu schreiben wer’). A surprise lecture was given by Cornelia Herberichs on the etymology of the word GBOFFL, which proved not just to be an acronym, but a Swiss German description of a spirited (if labour-intensive) gathering.

After lunch, doctoral student Giovanna Truong (that’s me) led a workshop on letterpress printing (and early Yiddish typography) in which the GBOFFL participants learned to set their own names in lead type. With the expertise of Richard Lawrence, the Bodleian Bibliographical Press’s master printer, the students and faculty were able to print the list of names on a card alongside a linocut image of a peacock under a GBOFFL banner (designed and produced by yours truly with materials and assistance from Henrike Lähnemann). Some participants also printed t-shirts bearing the unofficial logo.

The card lists the names of workshop participants and bears a description in Yiddish: “דאָס קאַרטל איז געדרוקט געװאָרן אין אָקספֿאָרד אויפֿן גבאָפֿפֿל” — “This card was printed in Oxford at the GBOFFL.”

The day ended with a candlelit vegetarian dinner in the St Edmund Hall Old Dining Hall, where joyous chatter could be heard until twilight. Some of the merry group migrated to the Hall’s Crypt, where gowned Oxford scholars sang Compline in Latin and Middle High German around an Easter candle. The evening ended after sundown with the sung prayers of Havdalah, marking the end of the Jewish Passover holiday.

GBOFFL Schola in the Norman crypt of St-Peter-in-the-East, the library church of St Edmund Hall

The GBOFFLers returned the next day to Teddy’s Doctorow Hall for an enlivening of the senses — an early lecture by Susanne Finkel on visual poetics in Partonopier and Meliur works. The schedule called for a trip to the Weston Library for the weekly Coffee Morning, this week led by Philine Armbruster, Lucian Shepherd, and Henrike Lähnemann on the topic of manuscript fragments (and, as usual, including a few minutes for gazing at the dreaming spires from the roof terrace).

Welcome to the Coffee Morning by Chris Fletcher

Manuscripts and Books shown:

  1. Otto von Passau ‚24 Alte‘: MS. Germ. b. 3, fols 2-3, ed. here https://editions.mml.ox.ac.uk/editions/otto-von-passau/);
  • Douce 212 Die vierundczweinczig Altē. od’ d’ guldin tron, GW M28503 AugsburgAnton Sorg, 10.III.1480. 2° Letter by Wieland Schmidt, Die vierundzwanzig alten Ottos von Passau, Palaestra, 212 (Leipzig, 1938), 231-2 no. 1; See VL VII 229-34. Augsburg: Anton Sorg, 10 Mar. 1480. Folio. Wanting gathering [*] containing the register, sheet [05.6], and gathering [x]
  • Boec des gulden throēs of der xxiiij. ouden 1484[X.25] | herlem [J. Bellaert] | (fol.) Auct. 6 Q 5.23 GW M28517 Provenance: Haarlem, Netherlands, Franciscan Tertiary Nuns, S. Anna; inscription on r9r: Dit boec hoert toe den susteren van sinte Marien conuent binnen Haerlem in sinte Jans straet ende heeft ghege[n]en pieternel dirck der Ende marijtgen maertens der onse susteren tot een testement’. Purchased from Asher & Co. for £2.15.0; see Library Bills (1851-5), 77; Books Purchased (1853), 65. O-036 in Bod-Inc
  • Die vier und zweintzig Alten. Auffs new gebessert. Vet. D1 c.426, Dillingen: Sebald Meier 1568

2. Der Heiligen Leben

Fragments which were previously bound with the Der Heiligen Leben fragments

  • MS. Eng. hist. c. 36: summary catalogue, p. 865: was part of a series of unreferenced fragments &c. arranged as Palæographical Specimens, which was broken up in 1895. Now MS. Eng. hist. c. 36.
    1) a cardinal’s hat sent to Woolsey by the pope 15 Nov 1515, backed by the Bodleian (?) conservations; this presumably refers to the Cardinal’s hat still held at Christ Church https://www.chch.ox.ac.uk/news/cardinal-wolseys-hat-ipswich
    2) etc. mainly early modern letters, some 19th cent
    75, 76) list with specimen announcing and recouncing German-Turkish war

Rebecca Schleuß / Henrike Lähnemann: Regelhandschriften

Fun with Fragments manuscript presentation
The GBOFFL participants enjoyed exclusive views of Oxford.

The GBOFFL participants were allowed to stay for an extra hour-long manuscript workshop session with the aforementioned presenters plus Rebecca Schleuss, who showed off manuscripts of nuns’ regulations.

Rebecca Schleuß presenting manuscripts with monastic rules

After a lunch out on the town, the digestively sated but intellectually ravenous scholars rounded out the programme with two lectures, by Julie Dietsche and Hannah Free, which drew connections between printed works and manuscripts, and truth, fiction, and fanfiction, respectively. Their energetic presentations were the exclamation point at the end of a packed couple of days.

The group parted under sunny skies, promising to carry the warm, convivial, erudite spirit of the conference to next year’s gathering in Freiburg, Switzerland. Until then — zayt gezunt (be well)!

Workshop on Late Medieval German Drama

When: 2 May 2026, 11:30-16:45
Where: St Edmund Hall, Oxford

Organisers: Henrike Lähnemann, Monty Powell, Carlos Rodríguez Otero, Sharang Sharma

A group of Oxford medievalists is currently working on an edition of the liturgical music for the Frankfurt Passion Play which was left unfinished by the late Peter Macardle (Die liturgischen Gesänge der Frankfurter Dirigierrolle und des Frankfurter Passionsspiels, under contract with Open Book Publishers). As part of the launch, planned for autumn 2026, they intent to perform an extract of the Mary Magdalen scenes from the play in a new dramatic English translation. The workshop on 2 May is meant to help prepare this performane by creating an English verse version and testing the musical transcription (with musicologist Margot Fassler as guest of honour).

Everybody is invited to the workshops who is interested in creative dramatic translation, or Early Modern High Germany, or liturgical music, or an intersection of these. Please register your interest with one of the organisers at St Edmund Hall, Henrike Lähnemann or Carlos Rodríguez Otero; free lunch is included.

  • 11.30 – 12.30        First part of the workshop
  • 12.30-1.30            Brunch
  • 2-4pm                   Workshop continues
  • 4-4.15pm              Tea break
  • 4.15-4.45pm         Read-through performance

Medieval Matters – Vac

The OMS emails will be put on brief pause over the vac, although the blog will be continually updated with new events. Please see below a number of important opportunities and reminders before term starts. Of particular note to those interested in early medieval England (and who amongst us doesnt fall into that category) is the British Library’s upcoming PhD placement on the Norman Conquest. Applications are open for three PhD placements which will support the development of our upcoming major exhibition on the Norman Conquest, marking the 1,000th anniversary of the birth of William the Conqueror. Apply by Monday 6 April 2026. Apply by Monday 6 April 2026.

Texts in transition

A workshop on editing texts from medieval Britain

The Early English Text Society for graduate students and early career scholars.

Featuring: Richard Dance, Ralph Hanna, Kathryn Lowe, William Marx, Ad Putter, and Susan Irvine.

St Hilda’s College, Oxford

11.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m.

Saturday 18 April 2026.

£20 for members of the EETS,

£34 for non-members.

Lunch and refreshments will be provided free

For registration or membership of the EETS, contact Dr Daniel Orton at eets@ell.ox.ac.uk

It is possible to obtain the members’ discount by joining at the time of registration. Website EETS

Peterborough Chronicle, first page

Conference: New Directions in Old English Prose

University of Oxford – 30 March 2026

L1 Lecture Theatre 10.300 Stephen A. Schwarzman Centre for the Humanities, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, Faculty of English Language and Literature, University of Oxford

Registration is now closed for this event, which is sold out.

Day 1: 30th March 2026

08.30–9.00: Welcome and Registration

09.00–10.30: Session 1: Early Prose (chair: Tom Revell)

Samuel Cardwell (University of Nottingham), ‘The Earliest English Sentence? Old Northumbrian psalm glosses in MS Pal. Lat. 68

Maura McKeown (University of Oxford), ‘The Four Senses of Scripture and the Vespasian Psalter Glosses

Emily Kesling (University of Bergen), ‘The Old English Exhortation to Prayer and the “Mercian Prefacing Tradition”

10.30–11.00: Tea and coffee break

11.00–12.00: Session 2: Putting Prose in its Place (chair: Helen Appleton)

Christine Rauer (University of St Andrews),  ‘Assigning Mercian Texts to Places and Individuals

Tristan Major (Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies), ‘Old English Prose at Winchester, c. 940–c. 1100

12.00–12.15: Comfort break

12.15–13.00: Keynote 1 (chair: Francis Leneghan): 

John Hines (University of Cardiff), ‘Syntax, Style and Semiotics: How Anglo-Saxon Inscriptions help to frame and define Old English Prose

13.00–14.00: Lunch break [sandwich lunch provided] 

14.00–15.30: Session 3: New Contexts for Alfredian Prose (chair: Amy Faulkner)

Nagore Palomares (University of the Basque Country), ‘Weaving the Vernacular: Tracing Frankish Influences in Old English Texts

Alice Jorgensen (Trinity College Dublin),  ‘Gesceadwisnes in the Alfredian Prose Translations

Eleni Ponirakis (University of Nottingham/UCL/University of Oxford),  ‘Swa swa leof on treowum: Eriugena and the Alfredian Solioquies

15.30–16.00: Tea and coffee break 

16.00–17.30: Session 4: Repurposing Prose (chair: Jasmine Jones)

Courtnay Konshuh (University of Calgary),  ‘Missing Ealdormen: Editing Chronicle Prose

Claudio Cataldi (University of Palermo),  ‘Rewriting Christianisation in King Edgar’s Establishment of the Monasteries

Gabriele Cocco (University of Bergamo),  ‘From Cloak to Allegory: Christian Adaptations in the Old English Apollonius of Tyre

17.30–17.45: Comfort break

17.45–18.30: Keynote 2 (chair: Niamh Kehoe):

Luisa Ostacchini (University of Oxford), ‘Thinking Global, Acting Local: The Old English Martyrology’s Worldview and Mercian Prose Composition

18.30: Drinks Reception and Book Celebration

20.00: Conference Dinner

Day 2: 31st March

09.00–10.30: Session 5: Prose beyond the Pulpit (chair: Francis Leneghan)

Stefan Jurasinski (SUNY Brockport), ‘Beyond Wulfstan: The Homiletic Element in Old English Legislation

Anine Englund (University of Oxford), ‘Revisiting the Old English Soul-and-Body Homilies

Elaine Treharne (Stanford University), ‘Women Readers (and Writers?) of Old English Prose

10.30–11.00: Tea and coffee break

11.00–12.00: Session 6: Inclusion and Exclusion, Then and Now (chair: Hannah Bailey)

Juliet Mullins (University College Dublin), ‘Ignored and Obscured: “Behind the Scenes” of Ælfric´s Lives of Saints

Rebecca Stephenson (University College Dublin), ‘Weeding out the Danes: An examination of gardening metaphors in Latin and Old English prose texts describing Viking attacks and/or religious conversions

12.00–12.15: Comfort break

12.15–13.00: Keynote 3 (chair: Amy Faulkner):

Daniel Anlezark (University of Sydney),  ‘West Saxon Prose from Alfred to Ælfric

13.00–14.00: Lunch break [sandwich lunch provided] 

14.00–15.30: Session 7: Wulfstan’s Style (chair: Rachel A. Burns)

Winfried Rudolf (University of Göttingen), ‘Wulfstan’s Autograph Homily on Baptism and Its Echoes

James Titterington (University of Oxford), ‘Prose in Progress: Tracing Wulfstan’s Intellectual Development through Autograph Evidence

Thomas A. Bredehoft (Chancery Hill Books), ‘Wulfstan’s Prose

15.30–16.00: Tea and coffee break

16.00–17.30: Session 8: Saints and Sinners (chair: Niamh Kehoe)

Claudia Di Sciacca (University of Udine),  ‘Gūþ-Lāc vs Se Ealda Fēond? New Directions in the Demonology and Angelology of Gulthlac’s Old English Prose Tradition

Susan Irvine (University College London), ‘The Bridge as a Penitential Motif in Old English Prose

Corinne Clark (University of Oxford), ‘Fashioning fragmentation in the Corpus Christi MS 303 Life of St. Margaret

17.30: Close

Organising committee: Helen Appleton (Oxford), Rachel A. Burns (Oxford), Amy Faulkner (UCL), Niamh Kehoe (Oxford), Francis Leneghan (Oxford)

Contact: Francis Leneghan

Header image: Peterborough Chronicle

500 Years of Yiddish Printing: Symposium

4–6 October 2026 | University of Oxford, Oxford, UK


In celebration of the quincentenary of the first Yiddish printing (the 1526/7 Agode of Gershom ben Salomon Kohen of Prague), please join us at the University of Oxford on the 4th–6th of October for a symposium on Yiddish printing, broadly defined.

Papers and workshops will be on the topics of Yiddish printing (letterpress & otherwise), book & publishing history, type design & production, printed images, orthography & linguistics of the printed word, &c. Other topics are included as they relate to Yiddish printing history and practice.

The deadline for submissions of abstracts for papers (~20 minutes) and workshops has now passed. Any inquiries (or late submissions, within reason) may be submitted to Giovanna Truong.

A link for conference registration will be released on this page. Stay tuned!

Conference Programme:

  • Rare Yiddish Book Viewing (Weston Library) (Time TBA)
  • Hands-On Print Workshop (Time TBA)

Medieval Matter HT26, Week 8

We have made it, at long last, to the end of another Hilary term – but the events don’t stop coming! Please find below another week full of medieval events for you to enjoy, and an ever-increasing list of future opportunities. NB: the Maison Française d’Oxford lecture this Tuesday has had to move earlier and is now at 12:00.

Monday

  • French Palaeography Manuscript Reading Group – 10:30, Weston Library.
  • Seminar in Palaeography and Manuscript studies – 2:15, Weston Library. Seamus Dwyer (Cambridge) will speak on ‘Pen-Flourishing and the Boundaries of Meaning’.
  • Medieval Archaeology Seminar – 3:00, Archaeology Faculty.  Eugene Costello will be speaking on ‘Exploring the expansion of pastoral farming in northern Europe’s uplands, c.1200-1600’.
  • Medieval History Seminar – 5:00, All Souls College. Nick Evans (Birkbeck) “Cowries, Cloth and Coins: Currency in Medieval Economic Anthropology”.
  • Theory and Play: Comparative Medievalisms – 5.15, Lady Margaret Hall.

Tuesday

  • Europe in the Later Middle Ages Seminar – 2:00, New Seminar Room, St John’s College. Mike Carr (Edinburgh) will be speaking on ‘Popes, Ambassadors and Falcons: Trade and Diplomacy between Latin Europe and the Mamluk Sultanate in the Fourteenth Century’.
  • Latin Palaeography Manuscript Reading Group – 2:00, Weston Library (Horton Room). Those who are interested can contact the convenor, Laure Miolo.
  • Maison Française d’Oxford lectures: ‘Children in the Middle Ages’ – 12:00, Maison Française. NB. the new, earlier, time.
  • Maghrib History Seminar: “Reading the Qurʾān across the Mediterranean: Toward a Maghribī School of Tafsīr in Early Islam” – 5:00, The Queen’s College.
  • Medieval Church and Culture, theme: TRANSLATION(S) – tea and coffee from 5:00, Harris Manchester College. Celeste Pan (Balliol) will be speaking on ‘Some issues of translation in an illuminated Hebrew bible manuscript from medieval Brussels (Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibl., Cod. Levy 19)’.
  • Old English Hagiography Reading Group – 5:15, Jesus College Memorial Room.
  • Church Historian Pub Night – 6:00 at the Chequers Inn. Contact Rachel Cresswell.

Wednesday

  • History and Materiality of the Book Seminar series – 2:15, Weston Library. Matthew Holford and Laure Miolo will be speaking on ‘Text identification’.
  • Older Scots Reading Group – 2:30, Room 30.401 (Humanities Centre). Palyce of Honour, Thyrd Part, ll. 1288-2142; Palyce of Honour, Dedication, ll. 2142-2169.
  • The Medieval Latin Documentary Palaeography Reading Group – 4:00, online.
  • Islamic Studies Seminar – 5:00, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. Professor Sheilagh Ogilvie (University of Oxford) will speak on ‘Leviathan’s Health: State Capacity and Epidemics from the Black Death to Covid’.
  • Late Antique and Byzantine Seminar – 5:00, Ioannou Centre for Classical and Byzantine Studies. Nathan Websdale (Oxford) will be speaking on ‘Unbecoming Roman: Performative Ethnicity and Panspermía in the Byzantine World c.1190-1235’.
  • eCatalogus+: A Digital Tool for the Automated Study of Latin Manuscripts (Liturgical Case Studies) – 5:00, Weston Library. More infomation here.
  • Lydgate Book Club – Weston manuscript visit with Laure Miolo. Meet 3:50pm at the Weston lockers for a 4pm start. Please email Shaw Worth for any information.

Thursday

  • Middle English Reading Group (MERG) – 11:00, Lincoln College, Beckington Room. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
  • Medieval Women’s Writing Research Seminar – 4:00, Somerville College. Making and Breaking Connections, including letters sent by Hildegard von Bingen and Catherine of Lancaster, queen of Castile.
  • Seminars in Medieval and Renaissance Music – 5:00, online. Elisabeth Giselbrecht, Louisa Hunter-Bradley and Katie McKeogh (King’s College London) will be speaking on ‘No two books are the same. Interactions with early printed music and the people behind them’.
  • Celtic Seminar – 5:15, hybrid. Eleanor Stephenson (Cambridge) will be speaking on ‘Landscapes of Extraction: Philippe de Loutherbourg and the Morris Family’s Copper Works, Swansea’.
  • Medieval Visual Culture Seminar – 5:00, St Catherine’ College. Emily Guerry (University of Oxford) will be speaking on ‘Silver trees and pearl crosses: Franco-Mongolian diplomacy and cultural exchange in thirteenth-century Karakorum’.
  • The Khalili Research Centre For the Art and Material Culture of the Middle East: Research Seminar – 5:15, The Khalili Research Centre. Johannes Niehoff-Panagiotidis (Freie Universität, Berlin) will be speaking on ‘A Greek-Orthodox monastery in the desert: Mount Sinai and the material culture of its Arabic (and Islamic) manuscripts’.

Friday

  • Medievalist Coffee Morning – Friday 10:30, Visiting Scholars Centre (Weston Library). All welcome, coffee and insight into special collections provided. This week, Jana Lammerding will speak on the representation of witches in the Douce Collection.
  • The History of the Bible: From Manuscripts to Print – 12:00, Visiting Scholars Centre at the Weston Library. Week 8: The Bible printed. Places are limited. To register interest and secure a place, please contact Péter Tóth.
  • Exploring Medieval Oxford through Surviving Archives – 2:00, Weston Library (Horton Room). Those who are interested can contact the convenor, Laure Miolo.
  • EMBI ‘New Books: A Celebration’. – 4:30, Schwartzman Room 421. Helena Hamerow and Conor O’Brien will talk informally about the process of researching and writing the projects that they have both just published, and we will also hear some reflections on being a postdoctoral researcher on a major project such as the ERC-funded grant for FeedSax. End-of-term drinks in Jude the Obscure, Walton St.
  • Oxford Medieval Manuscript Group – 5:00, John Roberts Room at Merton College. Julian Harison (Curator, British Library) will be speaking on ‘Sir Robert Cotton and Oxford’.

Opportunities and Reminders

eCatalogus+: A Digital Tool for Latin Manuscripts

11 March, 5pm, Horton Room, Weston Library
Dr Paweł Figurski Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
eCatalogus+: A Digital Tool for the Automated Study of Latin Manuscripts  (Liturgical Case Studies)

The presentation introduces eCatalogus+, an innovative digital platform designed for the comprehensive description and automated analysis of medieval Latin manuscripts, with a particular focus on liturgical sources. At its core, eCatalogus+ combines HTR (Handwritten Text Recognition) technology with advanced tools that improve transcription accuracy and enable the automatic analysis of manuscript contents. Its main features—powerful search functions, interactive databases, and collaborative research modules—facilitate both individual and collective work on medieval texts. The system has been successfully implemented in research projects such as eCLLA+ and Liturgica Poloniae: A Descriptive Catalogue of Polish Liturgical Manuscripts, where it supports the study, cataloguing, and interpretation of medieval liturgical sources. Through selected liturgical case studies, the presentation will demonstrate the platform’s research potential and its contribution to the evolving field of digital manuscript studies. Ultimately, the talk aims to show how digital technologies are transforming the study of medieval manuscripts, opening new avenues for both academic inquiry and public engagement.

Paweł Figurski is Assistant Professor at the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The focus of his research is on the history of liturgy and its political significance as well as on medieval manuscript culture, book illumination, and the theology of politics in the Early and High Middle Ages. He is also an active researcher, database analyst, and developer of tools for automated research on the Latin liturgical tradition in the field of digital humanities. He is currently the Principal Investigator (PI) of two projects: “Liturgica Poloniae…”, funded by the Polish Ministry of Higher Education (NPRH), and “Dangerous Prayers…”, funded by the Polish National Science Centre (SONATA)  

Please let Matthew Holford know if you would like to join him and the speaker for dinner after the talk.

Searching for History. A Workshop with Ian Forrest

by Cris Arama (MSt. Medieval Studies)

Report on the workshop for the graduate students of the MSt. in Medieval Studies: ‘Fragments and photographs: what are we doing when we try to get close to medieval people?’ which started using examples from medieval records and Ian Forrest’s account of publishing with the photographer Martin Stott https://martin-stott.com/argehane-books/bartlemas-oxfords-hidden-sanctuary/

How do you find someone who lived in a leper hospital in Oxford nine hundred years ago? Not find them in the sense of retracing their biographical data—but stepping into their world, breathing life into their form. Founded by Henry I in 1126, the hospital of St Bartholomew, known as Bartlemas, cared for countless residents over the centuries. In addition to its beginnings as a leprosarium, it has acted as an almshouse, hosted a nursery between 1956 and 2009, and now fosters a culturally-diverse community, offering occasional services in its chapel.

What would it have felt like to step through Bartlemas in 1126, the moans of the ill reverberating into the night? What would it have felt like to reach for the supposed reliquary of St Bartholomew’s skin, desperate for the certainty of healing? These are the sort of questions Ian Forrest brought to the workshop held on February 20th 2026 at the Schwarzman Centre. It was inspired by the recent book ‘Bartlemas: Oxford’s Hidden Sanctuary’ (2025), in which an essay by Prof Forrest accompanies nearly a hundred photographs by Martin Stott of Bartlemas and its surroundings.

Together, we leafed through the photographs of Bartlemas as it exists today—the chapel rebuilt in the 17th century, the garden which has likely witnessed nine hundred years of continuous tending, and Muslim men kneeling in prayer, not unlike the countless Bartlemas brothers before them. Looking through the photographs, I was struck by two overlapping impressions: on the one hand, the vibrancy of the life which has been unfolding at Bartlemas for centuries; on the other, the ghostly absence of the countless people who spent their lives here. You would almost expect their memory to have left behind some physical trace, akin to geological layers. But it did not. We are left only with sparse biographical, financial and administrative records. Do they do justice to the richness of humanity that these people had? As historians, can we do more?

We discussed whether alternative ways of ‘doing’ history might help us achieve that. We started with a recent photo of a gardener at Bartlemas, a scythe propped on his shoulder. Perhaps taking a closer look at life in such spaces today, and finding echoes of the past in it, might help us to better imagine the full life of someone who lived there long ago. Henrike Lähnemann brought to the discussion a similar approach, sharing an interview she took at a German convent tracing its origins to Medieval times. Watching the Abbess of Kloster Lüne speak, her face lit in a kaleidoscope of warm yellows, blues and greens from the stained glass above her, it was not difficult to imagine a Medieval nun stepping softly through the same light. Nevertheless, looking at the experience of a place in the present can inform, but not elucidate, that of the past.

In an effort to fill in these gaps, we can also turn to the writings or even artwork left behind. For instance, as Henrike Lähnemann pointed out, it was commonplace for medieval German nuns to not only write prayer books, but to also illustrate them. Their humanity peeks out through the careful brush-strokes and the painstaking process which merged prayer with creation, the spiritual with the material. In manuscripts from Medingen Abbey, the pieces of gauze sometimes used to veil illuminations were likely of the same material of the nuns’ headdresses. When we examine such manuscripts, in which the creator and the creation are intertwined, we are brought closer to the person behind that process.

Lastly, we discussed the potential of fiction to capture the humanity of people long gone. It could allow us to step into the life of a resident at Bartlemas in the 12th century, imagining their routine of ointments and prayer, and perhaps their moments of wavering faith. We could imagine the deep ache in the shoulders of a nun at Medingen after a day spent hunched over parchment, sharpening her quill and watching flecks of gold float in the air after an illumination. In this sense, fiction could open the possibility for a truer account of human experience than what we can glean from sparse historical records.

There is no clear answer to this dilemma. If we stick too closely to historical data, we risk losing the fullness of humanity against the hard edges of fact. If we rely too much on imagination, we risk treading too far into speculation, ending up misrepresenting the very people we sought to understand.

Perhaps there is value in the act itself of asking these questions, as Ian Forrest guided us to do. Perhaps we begin to do justice to the unreachable past simply by paying attention to it.


Picture: Bartlemas Chapel (off Cowley Road) in Winter (Henrike Lähnemann 2020)